The Melbourne gangland wars were a series of violent conflicts in the late 1990s and early 2000s, primarily involving criminal organizations in Melbourne, Australia. These gangs, including the Carlton Crew and the Mongols, fought for control over drug trafficking, extortion, and other illegal activities, leading to numerous shootings and murders. The violence peaked around 2004, resulting in high-profile cases and significant media attention. Law enforcement agencies increased their efforts to combat organized crime, leading to arrests and convictions of key figures. The wars ultimately highlighted the challenges of policing gang-related activities in urban areas.