Medieval France, spanning roughly from the 5th to the late 15th century, was a time of significant social, political, and cultural change. It began after the fall of the Roman Empire, leading to the rise of feudalism, where land was held by nobles in exchange for military service. The Capetian dynasty emerged, strengthening the monarchy and unifying the country. During this period, France saw the flourishing of Gothic architecture, exemplified by cathedrals like Notre-Dame de Paris. The Hundred Years' War against England (1337-1453) marked a pivotal conflict, shaping national identity and leading to the rise of figures like Joan of Arc.