Medieval agriculture was primarily based on the three-field system, which divided land into three parts: one for wheat, one for barley, and one left fallow. This rotation allowed soil to recover and increased crop yields. Farmers used simple tools like the plow and relied on animal power, particularly from oxen and horses, to cultivate their fields. Most medieval peasants were part of the manorial system, where they worked on land owned by a lord in exchange for protection and a place to live. They grew staple crops, such as rye and oats, and raised livestock, including sheep and cattle, to support their families and communities.