Mayan cosmology is the understanding of the universe held by the ancient Maya civilization. It is based on a complex system of beliefs that includes the creation of the world, the cycles of time, and the relationship between the gods and humans. The Maya viewed the cosmos as a layered structure, with the heavens above, the earth in the middle, and the underworld below. Central to Mayan cosmology is the concept of time, which they measured using a calendar system that included the Tzolk'in and the Haab'. These calendars were used to track religious ceremonies, agricultural cycles, and significant events, reflecting the Maya's deep connection to nature and the divine.