The ancient Maya civilization thrived in Mesoamerica, particularly in regions that are now Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. Their cities, such as Tikal, Palenque, and Copán, were known for impressive architecture, including pyramids, temples, and palaces. These urban centers served as political, religious, and economic hubs, showcasing advanced urban planning and social organization. Maya cities were often built around a central plaza, where important ceremonies and gatherings took place. The Maya developed a complex writing system and made significant advancements in mathematics and astronomy, which were reflected in their city layouts and monumental structures.