Mauretania was an ancient kingdom located in North Africa, primarily in what is now Morocco and Algeria. It existed from the 3rd century BCE until it became a Roman province in 44 CE. The kingdom was known for its rich culture, trade, and interactions with neighboring civilizations, including the Carthaginians and Romans. The capital of Mauretania was Césarée, which was a significant urban center. The kingdom was ruled by a series of kings, including the famous Juba II, who was a client king under Roman influence. Mauretania's strategic location made it an important area for trade and military activities in the Mediterranean region.