Carlos I of Portugal was the King of Portugal from 1889 until his assassination in 1908. He was born on September 28, 1863, and was the son of King Luís I of Portugal and Queen Maria II of Portugal. His reign was marked by political instability and social unrest, as Portugal faced economic challenges and growing republican sentiments. On February 1, 1908, Carlos I and his heir, Prince Luís Filipe, were assassinated in a violent attack in Lisbon. Following their deaths, his younger son, Manuel II of Portugal, ascended to the throne. Carlos I's reign is often viewed as a period leading to the eventual establishment of the Portuguese Republic in 1910.