The Malian Empire was a powerful West African state that flourished from the 13th to the 16th centuries. It emerged after the decline of the Ghana Empire and became known for its wealth, particularly due to its abundant gold resources. The empire's capital, Timbuktu, became a major center for trade, culture, and education, attracting scholars and merchants from across the region. Under the rule of notable leaders like Mansa Musa, the empire expanded its territory and influence. Mansa Musa's famous pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 showcased the empire's wealth and established its reputation in the Islamic world. The Malian Empire played a crucial role in the trans-Saharan trade network, connecting various cultures and economies.