Makhnovism is a revolutionary movement that emerged in Ukraine during the Russian Civil War (1917-1922). It was led by Nestor Makhno, a Ukrainian anarchist, who advocated for a stateless society based on self-governance and collective ownership of land. The movement aimed to empower peasants and workers, promoting direct democracy and rejecting both Bolshevik and capitalist systems. The Makhnovist forces, known for their guerrilla tactics, fought against various armies, including the White Army and the Red Army. They established free soviets, or councils, in the territories they controlled, emphasizing local autonomy and cooperation among communities. Despite their initial successes, the movement was ultimately suppressed by the Bolsheviks.