Nestor Makhno was a Ukrainian anarchist and revolutionary leader active during the Russian Civil War (1917-1922). He is best known for leading a peasant army known as the Makhnovshchina, which fought for the establishment of a stateless, self-governing society in Ukraine. Makhno's forces were notable for their guerrilla tactics and their commitment to anarchist principles. Makhno's movement sought to defend the Ukrainian countryside from both Bolshevik and White Army forces. Despite initial successes, his army was eventually defeated by the Bolsheviks, leading to Makhno's exile. He spent the rest of his life in France, where he continued to advocate for anarchism until his death in 1934.