Magnetic beads are small, spherical particles made from materials like iron oxide or polymer that possess magnetic properties. They are often used in various scientific and medical applications, such as biotechnology and molecular biology, for tasks like separating and purifying DNA, RNA, or proteins from complex mixtures. These beads can be easily manipulated using magnets, allowing for efficient isolation of target molecules. Their surface can be coated with specific ligands to enhance binding with desired substances, making them valuable tools in research, diagnostics, and even drug delivery systems.