The Mabo Decision was a landmark ruling by the High Court of Australia in 1992 that recognized the land rights of the Indigenous Australian people, specifically the Mabo people from the Torres Strait Islands. This decision overturned the legal doctrine of terra nullius, which claimed that Australia was uninhabited before European settlement. The ruling acknowledged that the Mabo people had a traditional connection to their land, leading to the establishment of the Native Title Act in 1993. This act provided a framework for Indigenous Australians to claim rights to land based on their traditional laws and customs, significantly impacting land rights discussions in Australia.