Lower Egypt is the northern part of the country of Egypt, located near the Nile River's delta where it meets the Mediterranean Sea. This region is known for its fertile land, which has supported agriculture for thousands of years. Major cities in Lower Egypt include Cairo, the capital, and Alexandria, a historic port city. Lower Egypt is significant in ancient history, as it was home to many important pharaohs and cultural developments. The area is characterized by its flat landscape and numerous canals that were used for irrigation. The rich soil and strategic location made Lower Egypt a vital center for trade and commerce in the ancient world.