Long file names refer to the ability of a computer system to support file names that exceed the traditional limit of 8 characters, often allowing up to 255 characters. This feature enables users to create more descriptive and meaningful names for their files, making it easier to identify their contents without needing to open them. Operating systems like Windows, macOS, and Linux have adopted long file names, enhancing user experience and organization. This capability is particularly useful for projects that require detailed naming conventions, such as software development or document management, where clarity is essential for collaboration and retrieval.