File system limitations refer to the constraints that affect how data is stored, organized, and accessed on a storage device. These limitations can include maximum file sizes, the number of files that can be stored in a directory, and the overall capacity of the storage medium. Different file systems, such as FAT32, NTFS, and ext4, have varying restrictions that can impact performance and usability. Additionally, file systems may impose restrictions on file naming conventions, such as character limits and reserved characters. These limitations can lead to compatibility issues when transferring files between different operating systems or devices. Understanding these constraints is essential for effective data management and storage planning.