Literary Naturalism is a literary movement that emerged in the late 19th century, characterized by its focus on realism and the influence of environment and heredity on human behavior. Writers sought to depict life as it is, often highlighting the darker aspects of existence, such as poverty, violence, and social injustice. This approach emphasizes that individuals are shaped by their surroundings and biological factors, often leading to a deterministic view of human life. Key figures in this movement include authors like Émile Zola and Stephen Crane, who used detailed descriptions and scientific principles to explore the complexities of human nature. Naturalism often portrays characters as products of their environment, struggling against forces beyond their control, which reflects a more pessimistic outlook on life compared to earlier literary styles.