Liquefaction is a geological phenomenon that occurs when saturated soil loses its strength and stiffness due to applied stress, such as during an earthquake. This process transforms solid ground into a fluid-like state, causing buildings and structures to sink or tilt. It primarily affects loose, water-saturated sands and silts. During liquefaction, the pressure of water in the soil increases, reducing the contact between soil particles. This can lead to significant ground deformation and damage to infrastructure. Understanding liquefaction is crucial for engineers and urban planners, especially in areas prone to seismic activity, to design safer buildings and mitigate risks.