Lipid peroxidation is a chemical process in which free radicals attack lipids, particularly those in cell membranes. This reaction leads to the formation of reactive compounds that can damage cells and tissues. It is a significant factor in various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. The process begins when unsaturated fatty acids in lipids are oxidized, resulting in the production of malondialdehyde and other byproducts. These byproducts can disrupt cellular functions and contribute to inflammation. Antioxidants, such as vitamin E and vitamin C, can help neutralize free radicals and mitigate the effects of lipid peroxidation.