Cellular damage refers to the harm that occurs to cells, which can disrupt their normal function. This damage can be caused by various factors, including toxins, radiation, and infections. When cells are damaged, they may not be able to perform their essential roles, leading to issues in tissues and organs. The body has mechanisms to repair cellular damage, such as DNA repair systems and apoptosis, which is the process of programmed cell death. However, if the damage is too severe or the repair systems fail, it can result in diseases like cancer or neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding cellular damage is crucial for developing treatments and preventive measures.