Linkage refers to the tendency of genes located close to each other on a chromosome to be inherited together during the process of meiosis. This occurs because the physical proximity of these genes reduces the likelihood of recombination, which is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. As a result, linked genes can influence traits in a predictable manner. In genetics, linkage is often studied using linkage maps, which illustrate the relative positions of genes on a chromosome based on how frequently they are inherited together. These maps help researchers understand genetic disorders and can assist in breeding programs by identifying desirable traits in plants and animals.