Genetic linkage refers to the tendency of genes located close to each other on a chromosome to be inherited together during the process of meiosis. This occurs because the physical proximity of these genes reduces the likelihood of recombination, which is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. As a result, linked genes can influence traits in a coordinated manner. Scientists use genetic linkage to map the locations of genes on chromosomes, which helps in understanding genetic disorders and traits. By studying the inheritance patterns of linked genes, researchers can identify potential gene mutations associated with diseases, aiding in genetic research and medicine.