Leopold II, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau (1700-1751) was a German nobleman and a member of the House of Ascania. He ruled the principality of Anhalt-Dessau from 1747 until his death. Leopold II was known for his efforts to modernize his territory, focusing on economic development and infrastructure improvements. He was also a patron of the arts and education, promoting cultural initiatives in his duchy. Leopold II's reign contributed to the growth of Anhalt-Dessau as a center of Enlightenment thought, and he is remembered for his contributions to the region's cultural and economic landscape.