The Latvian National Awakening was a cultural and political movement in the 19th century aimed at promoting Latvian identity and independence. It began in the 1850s and was characterized by a revival of Latvian language, literature, and folklore. This period saw the emergence of key figures like Jānis Poruks and Rainis, who contributed to the national consciousness through their writings. The movement gained momentum with the establishment of organizations and the celebration of cultural events, such as the first Latvian Song and Dance Festival in 1873. By the early 20th century, the awakening laid the groundwork for Latvia's eventual declaration of independence in 1918.