A lathe is a machine tool used for shaping materials like wood, metal, or plastic. It works by rotating the workpiece against a cutting tool, allowing for precise shaping and finishing. Lathes can create various shapes, including cylindrical, conical, and flat surfaces, making them essential in manufacturing and woodworking. There are different types of lathes, such as wood lathes and metal lathes, each designed for specific materials and tasks. They are commonly used in workshops and factories for tasks like turning, drilling, and threading, contributing significantly to the production of parts and products in various industries.