The Kirkbride Plan is a design model for psychiatric hospitals developed by Dr. Thomas Story Kirkbride in the mid-19th century. It emphasizes a therapeutic environment, featuring long, asymmetrical buildings with large windows, ample natural light, and ventilation. The layout promotes social interaction among patients and staff, aiming to create a healing atmosphere. The plan was widely adopted in the United States, leading to the construction of many institutions, such as the Pennhurst State School and Hospital and the Danvers State Hospital. While the Kirkbride Plan was innovative for its time, many of these facilities have since closed or been repurposed due to changes in mental health treatment approaches.