The title "King of Jerusalem" refers to the monarch who ruled over the city of Jerusalem and its surrounding territories. This title has historical significance, particularly during the Crusades, when European leaders sought to capture and govern the city, which holds religious importance for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The most notable kings were part of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, established in 1099 after the First Crusade. The Kingdom of Jerusalem existed until 1291, when it fell to the Mamluks. Notable kings include Baldwin IV, known for his battle against Saladin, and Richard the Lionheart, who played a crucial role during the Third Crusade. The title has since become symbolic of the historical and religious struggles surrounding Jerusalem.