King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy reigned from 1900 to 1946, becoming the first king of unified Italy. He was born on November 11, 1869, and was the son of King Umberto I. His reign saw significant events, including World War I and the rise of Fascism under Benito Mussolini. During his rule, Victor Emmanuel III faced criticism for his handling of the monarchy and the political situation in Italy. After World War II, he abdicated in 1946, leading to the establishment of the Italian Republic. He died in exile in Egypt on December 28, 1947.