King Oscar II of Sweden was born on January 21, 1829, and reigned as the King of Sweden from 1872 until his death in 1907. He was also the last King of Norway, ruling from 1872 until the dissolution of the union between Sweden and Norway in 1905. Oscar II was known for his interest in culture and the arts, as well as his support for scientific endeavors. During his reign, Oscar II faced various political challenges, including the rise of nationalism and social movements. He worked to modernize Sweden and improve its infrastructure, promoting education and industry. His legacy includes a commitment to peace and diplomacy in a time of growing tensions in Europe.