King Louis XIV, known as the Sun King, ruled France from 1643 to 1715. He is famous for his absolute monarchy, where he centralized power and diminished the influence of the nobility. His reign is marked by the construction of the magnificent Palace of Versailles, which became a symbol of royal opulence and authority. Louis XIV's policies and military campaigns expanded France's territories, but they also led to significant financial strain. His legacy includes the establishment of a strong centralized state and the promotion of arts and culture, making France a leading power in Europe during his time.