King John I of England ruled from 1199 to 1216 and is often remembered for his conflicts with the nobility and his failure to secure territories in France. He was the son of King Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, and his reign was marked by disputes with powerful barons, leading to widespread discontent. In 1215, this discontent culminated in the signing of the Magna Carta, a document that limited the king's powers and established certain legal rights for nobles. This event is considered a foundational moment in the development of constitutional law in England and influenced future democratic principles.