Renal diseases refer to conditions that affect the kidneys, which are vital organs responsible for filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood. Common types of renal diseases include chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, and glomerulonephritis. These conditions can lead to a decline in kidney function, resulting in the accumulation of harmful substances in the body. Symptoms of renal diseases may include fatigue, swelling in the legs and ankles, changes in urine output, and high blood pressure. Early detection and management are crucial to prevent complications, such as kidney failure, which may require treatments like dialysis or a kidney transplant.