Khedive Muhammad Ali was an Ottoman governor who ruled Egypt and Sudan from 1805 to 1848. He is often regarded as the founder of modern Egypt due to his extensive reforms in agriculture, industry, and military. His leadership helped transform Egypt into a more centralized and modern state, promoting education and infrastructure development. Muhammad Ali's reign marked the beginning of a new era in Egyptian history, as he sought to reduce foreign influence and increase local control. He established a dynasty that lasted until the 20th century, significantly impacting the region's political landscape and paving the way for future leaders like King Farouk.