Kazakh politics is characterized by a presidential system, where the President holds significant power. The Kazakhstani Parliament consists of two chambers: the Senate and the Mazhilis. Political parties play a role, but the Nur Otan party has historically dominated the political landscape. Since gaining independence in 1991, Kazakhstan has undergone various political reforms. The country has seen a gradual shift towards more democratic practices, although challenges remain, including issues related to freedom of speech and political opposition. The current political climate continues to evolve as the nation seeks to balance stability and reform.