The Karez irrigation system is an ancient method of water management used primarily in arid regions, particularly in Iran, Afghanistan, and parts of Central Asia. It consists of a network of underground tunnels that transport water from aquifers to surface fields. This system helps to minimize evaporation and maintain a steady water supply for agriculture. Karez systems are typically constructed by digging vertical shafts to access groundwater, which then flows through the horizontal tunnels. This sustainable approach not only supports farming but also conserves water resources, making it vital for communities in dry climates where surface water is scarce.