Judaism is one of the oldest monotheistic religions, originating over 3,500 years ago in the ancient Near East. It is based on the belief in one God and the teachings found in the Torah, which is the central reference of the religious Judaic tradition. The history of Judaism includes significant events such as the covenant between God and Abraham, the Exodus from Egypt, and the establishment of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Throughout its history, Judaism has faced various challenges, including the destruction of the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem and periods of exile and persecution. Despite these hardships, Jewish communities have maintained their cultural and religious identity, contributing to the development of various branches, such as Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform Judaism. Today, Judaism continues to thrive worldwide, with millions of adherents practicing their faith.