The term "Second Temple" refers to the Jewish temple in Jerusalem that was built after the return of the Jewish people from the Babylonian exile. It was completed in 516 BCE and served as the center of Jewish worship and sacrifice until its destruction by the Romans in 70 CE. This temple replaced the original First Temple, which was built by King Solomon. The Second Temple underwent significant renovations and expansions, most notably by Herod the Great around 20 BCE, transforming it into a grand structure. It played a crucial role in Jewish religious life and was a focal point for pilgrimage during major festivals, such as Passover and Yom Kippur.