John of England, also known as King John, ruled from 1199 to 1216. He was the youngest son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. John is often remembered for his conflicts with the nobility and his struggles with France, which led to the loss of significant territories. One of the most notable events during his reign was the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215. This document was created to limit the king's power and protect the rights of the barons. John's failure to adhere to its terms contributed to a civil war, ultimately leading to his downfall.