John Tukey was an American statistician known for his significant contributions to data analysis and exploratory data analysis (EDA). He developed various statistical techniques and tools, including the box plot and the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which are widely used in statistics and signal processing. Tukey also played a crucial role in the development of statistical graphics, emphasizing the importance of visualizing data to understand patterns and trends. His work laid the foundation for modern statistical practices and influenced many fields, including biostatistics, economics, and social sciences.