John II of England was a king who ruled from 1199 to 1216. He was the youngest son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. John is often remembered for his conflicts with the nobility and his failure to maintain the territories in France, which led to significant losses for England. His reign was marked by disputes with powerful barons, culminating in the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215. This document limited the king's power and laid the foundation for modern democracy. John's inability to manage his kingdom effectively contributed to his reputation as one of England's least popular monarchs.