Johann Joachim Winckelmann was a German art historian and archaeologist, born on December 9, 1717. He is often regarded as the father of modern archaeology and art history. Winckelmann's work focused on ancient Greek and Roman art, emphasizing the importance of beauty and form. His influential writings, particularly "History of Ancient Art," laid the groundwork for the study of classical art. Winckelmann's ideas significantly impacted the Neoclassical movement in art and architecture during the 18th century. He advocated for the appreciation of ancient cultures, inspiring artists and scholars alike. Winckelmann was tragically murdered in 1768, but his legacy continues to shape the fields of art history and archaeology.