Johann Caspar Lavater was an 18th-century Swiss theologian and philosopher, best known for his work in the field of physiognomy, which is the study of facial features and their relation to character. Born in 1741 in Zurich, he believed that a person's appearance could reveal their inner qualities and moral character. His ideas gained popularity in Europe, influencing various fields, including psychology and art. Lavater published several influential works, including his most famous, "Physiognomische Fragmente," which explored the connection between physical traits and personality. His theories attracted the attention of notable figures such as Goethe and Napoleon Bonaparte. Lavater's legacy continues to spark interest in the relationship between appearance and identity.