Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement and the founder of Pakistan. Born on December 25, 1876, in Karachi, he initially worked as a lawyer in London before entering politics. Jinnah was a key figure in the All-India Muslim League and advocated for the rights of Muslims in India, ultimately leading to the creation of Pakistan in 1947. Jinnah served as Pakistan's first Governor-General until his death on September 11, 1948. He is often referred to as "Quaid-e-Azam," meaning "Great Leader," and is celebrated for his role in establishing a separate nation for Muslims in the Indian subcontinent.