Japanese Encephalitis is a viral infection caused by the Japanese Encephalitis virus, primarily transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. It is most common in rural areas of Asia and Western Pacific, where rice paddies and pig farms provide ideal breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, including fever, headache, and confusion. In severe cases, it can lead to inflammation of the brain, resulting in neurological complications or death. Vaccination is available and recommended for travelers to high-risk areas to prevent infection.