James Francis Edward Stuart, also known as the Old Pretender, was born on June 10, 1688. He was the son of James II of England and Mary of Modena. After his father's deposition during the Glorious Revolution, James claimed the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland, leading to several attempts to restore the Stuart dynasty. James's most notable attempt to regain the throne was the Jacobite rising of 1715, which ultimately failed. He spent much of his life in exile, primarily in France, where he continued to rally support for his cause. James died on January 1, 1766, in Rome.