James S. Coleman was an influential American sociologist known for his work in the fields of education and social theory. He is best recognized for the Coleman Report, formally titled "Equality of Educational Opportunity," published in 1966. This report examined the factors affecting educational achievement in the United States and highlighted the importance of family background and social capital. Coleman's research extended beyond education, contributing to the understanding of social networks and their impact on society. He developed the concept of social capital, which refers to the value derived from social relationships and networks. His work has had a lasting impact on sociology and education policy.