The Coleman Report, officially titled "Equality of Educational Opportunity," was published in 1966 by the U.S. Department of Education. It aimed to assess the educational opportunities available to students across the United States, focusing on the impact of race, socioeconomic status, and school resources on student achievement. The report analyzed data from over 600,000 students and highlighted significant disparities in educational quality. One of the key findings of the Coleman Report was that family background and socioeconomic factors played a more critical role in student performance than school resources. This conclusion sparked extensive debate about educational policy and reform, influencing discussions on school desegregation and equity in education.