Jalapeño peppers are medium-sized chili peppers that belong to the species Capsicum annuum. They are typically green when harvested but can also ripen to a red color. Known for their mild to moderate heat, they usually range from 2,500 to 8,000 Scoville Heat Units, making them a popular choice for adding flavor without overwhelming spiciness. These peppers are commonly used in various cuisines, especially in Mexican dishes like salsas, nachos, and stuffed peppers. They can be eaten raw, pickled, or cooked, and are often used to enhance the taste of sauces and marinades.