Capsicum annuum is a species of pepper in the nightshade family, known for its wide variety of shapes, sizes, and flavors. This plant is native to the Americas and is commonly cultivated for its edible fruits, which can range from sweet to spicy. Popular varieties include bell peppers, jalapeños, and cayenne peppers. The fruits of Capsicum annuum are rich in vitamins, particularly vitamin C, and contain capsaicin, the compound responsible for the heat in spicy peppers. These peppers are used in various cuisines worldwide, adding flavor and color to dishes. They can be consumed fresh, dried, or cooked.