Italian Realism is an artistic and literary movement that emerged in the 19th century, primarily in response to the romanticism that preceded it. It focused on depicting everyday life and the struggles of ordinary people, often highlighting social issues and the harsh realities of existence. Artists and writers sought to portray subjects with honesty and accuracy, using detailed observation and a commitment to truth. Key figures in Italian Realism include painters like Giovanni Fattori and Silvestro Lega, as well as writers such as Giovanni Verga. This movement laid the groundwork for later developments in art and literature, influencing modern realism and naturalism across Europe.