Israel and Judah were two ancient kingdoms that emerged after the death of King Solomon around 930 BCE. Israel, located in the northern part of the region, consisted of ten tribes and had its capital in Samaria. It was known for its diverse culture and frequent conflicts with neighboring nations. Judah, in the southern region, included the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, with its capital in Jerusalem. This kingdom was known for its strong religious traditions and the Temple built by Solomon. Both kingdoms faced invasions and eventually fell to larger empires, with Israel conquered by the Assyrians and Judah by the Babylonians.